The following excerpt is from Healy v. Yasmeen, No. 2:19-CV-2052-DMC-P (E.D. Cal. 2020):
personnel who implement a policy so deficient that the policy itself is a repudiation of constitutional rights and the moving force behind a constitutional violation may, however, be liable even where such personnel do not overtly participate in the offensive act. See Redman v. Cnty of San Diego, 942 F.2d 1435, 1446 (9th Cir. 1991) (en banc).
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