Can a prison officer retaliate against a prisoner for filing an administrative grievance and pursuing civil rights litigation?

Filing administrative grievances and pursuing civil rights litigation are protected activities, and it is impermissible for prison officials to retaliate against prisoners for engaging in these activities. Rhodes, 408 F.3d at 567-68; see also Silva v. Di Vittorio, 658 F.3d 1090, 1104 (9th Cir. 2011) (prisoners retain First Amendment rights not inconsistent with their prisoner status or penological objectives, including the right to file inmate appeals and the right to pursue civil rights litigation).