The following excerpt is from Fries v. Barnes, 618 F.2d 988 (2nd Cir. 1980):
The police officer or government agent may not escape responsibility by claiming that the violation of the plaintiff's rights was committed by the private person involved in such a collaborative undertaking. As the court stated in United States v. Mekjian, 505 F.2d 1320, 1327 (5th Cir. 1975):
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