The following excerpt is from Cooper v. Corr. Officer Leathem, No. 2:15-cv-0074 DAD P (E.D. Cal. 2015):
Plaintiff is reminded that the court cannot refer to prior pleadings in order to make his second amended complaint complete. Local Rule 220 requires that an amended complaint be complete in itself without reference to any prior pleading. This is because, as a general rule, an amended complaint supersedes the original complaint. See Loux v. Rhay, 375 F.2d 55, 57 (9th
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