Can a federal supervisor be held liable for the unconstitutional conduct of his subordinate under Section 1983 of the Civil Rights Act?
MultiRegion, United States of America
The following excerpt is from Schwerdtfeger v. Fox, No. 2:16-cv-1441 JAM KJN P (E.D. Cal. 2017):
Although supervisory government officials may not be held liable for the unconstitutional conduct of their subordinates under a theory of respondeat superior, Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 676 (2009), they may be individually liable under Section 1983 if there exists "either (1) [the supervisor's] personal involvement in the constitutional deprivation; or (2) a sufficient causal
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