The following excerpt is from Franklin v. Gomez, Case No. 21cv252-MMA (AGS) (S.D. Cal. 2021):
Title 42 U.S.C. 1983 "creates a private right of action against individuals who, acting under color of state law, violate federal constitutional or statutory rights." Devereaux v. Abbey, 263 F.3d 1070, 1074 (9th Cir. 2001). Section 1983 "is not itself a source of substantive rights, but merely provides a method for vindicating federal rights
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