California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from The People v. Wasdon, B218842, BA286996, No. BA326282 (Cal. App. 2010):
Section 977, subdivision (b)(1), mandates that a defendant charged with a felony must be personally present at all court proceedings unless, with leave of court, the defendant executes a written waiver of the right to be personally present.9 Section 1043, subdivision (a), requires a defendant in a felony case to be personally present at the trial, subject to exceptions specified in other subdivisions.10 One exception is "voluntary absence." Specifically, after the trial on noncapital felony charges has commenced in the defendant's presence, the defendant may be voluntarily absent from the trial. ( 1043, subd. (b)(2).) The statute serves to prevent the defendant from intentionally disrupting the orderly processes of his or her trial because he has decided not to attend. (People v. Concepcion, supra, 45 Cal.4th at p. 83.)
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