California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Klahn, D068741 (Cal. App. 2017):
matter of both federal and state constitutional law, however, a defendant may validly waive his or her right to be present during a critical stage of the trial, provided the waiver is knowing, intelligent, and voluntary." (People v. Cunningham (2015) 61 Cal.4th 609, 633, citations omitted.)
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