California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Williams, C069659 (Cal. App. 2017):
As the jury was instructed, a person aids and abets a crime when he acts with knowledge of the unlawful purpose of the perpetrator and the intent or purpose of encouraging or facilitating the commission of the crime, and his act or advice in some manner aids, promotes, encourages, or instigates the commission of the crime. (People v. Beeman (1984) 35 Cal.3d 547, 561.) To be guilty of attempted murder as an aider and abettor, the defendant must give aid or encouragement with knowledge of the direct perpetrator's intent to kill and with the purpose of facilitating the direct perpetrator's accomplishment of the intended killing -- which means that the person guilty of attempted murder as an aider and abettor must intend to kill. (People v. Lee (2003) 31 Cal.4th 613, 624.)
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