Are grand jury witnesses immune from any damages for false statements made before the grand jury?

Generally, grand jury witnesses are absolutely immune from 1983 damages for their testimony before the grand jury. Little v. City of Seattle, 863 F.2d 681, 684 (9th Cir.1988). However, this circuit has recently recognized an exception to this immunity for law enforcement witnesses functioning as complaining witnesses. Harris v. Roderick, 126 F.3d 1189, 1199 (9th Cir.1997). Under this exception, law enforcement witnesses who initiate a prosecution are not entitled to absolute immunity for false statements before the grand jury. Id.