When will the statute of limitations begin to run in a personal injury action?

Unlike as when determining the length of the statute of limitations or tolling thereof, federal courts apply federal law in determining when a 1983 cause of action accrues. Under federal law, a 1983 action accrues, and the statute of limitations begins to run, when the defendants' alleged wrongful act or omission causes damage(s). See Wallace v. Kato, 549 U.S. 384, 388 (2007). In this regard, "a claim accrues when the plaintiff knows or has reason to know of the injury which is the basis of the action." Maldonado, 370 F.3d at 955.