California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Aguirre, B221110 (Cal. App. 2013):
When reviewing the denial of a motion to suppress, we "defer to the trial court's factual findings where supported by substantial evidence, but we must exercise our independent judgment to determine whether, on the facts found, the search and seizure was reasonable under the Fourth Amendment standards of reasonableness. [Citation.]" (People v. Avila (1997) 58 Cal.App.4th 1069, 1073-1074, citing People v. Leyba (1981) 29 Cal.3d 591, 596-597.)
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