The following excerpt is from Burgo v. Shimoda, 5 F.3d 535 (9th Cir. 1993):
We review de novo the district court's denial of the defense of qualified immunity. Lum v. Jensen, 876 F.2d 1385, 1386 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 1057 (1990).
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