What is the test for qualified immunity under the doctrine of medical malpractice?

1 Justman also argues that there is no evidence that he actually caused a traumatic condition and that there was no evidence of his criminal intent. This argument is irrelevant to the qualified immunity analysis here. See Fuller v. M.G. Jewelry, 950 F.2d 1437, 1443 (9th Cir.1991) (holding that doctrine of qualified immunity does not require that probable cause to arrest exist).