The following excerpt is from Harrison v. City of Apache Junction, 8 F.3d 27 (9th Cir. 1993):
The fourth amendment permits police to arrest an individual without a warrant only upon probable cause. Barlow v. Ground, I.D., 943 F.2d 1132, 1135 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, --- U.S. ----, 112 S.Ct. 2995 (1992). Probable cause to arrest exists when under the totality of the circumstances known to the arresting officers, a prudent person would have concluded that there was a fair probability that the individual had committed a crime. Id.
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