California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from Elizabeth G. v. Gregory G. (In re Elizabeth G.), B236719 (Cal. App. 2014):
"The DVPA ( 6200 et seq.) authorizes the trial court to issue a restraining order 'for the purpose of preventing a recurrence of domestic violence and ensuring a period of separation of the persons involved, if an affidavit . . . shows, to the satisfaction of the court, reasonable proof of a past act or acts of abuse.' ( 6300; see Gonzalez v. Munoz (2007) 156 Cal.App.4th 413, 421 [67 Cal. Rptr. 3d 317].) A restraining order may issue under the DVPA either 'enjoining specific acts of abuse,' 'excluding a person from a dwelling,' or 'enjoining other specified behavior' and may issue ex parte, after notice and a hearing, or in a judgment. ( 6218.)
"For purposes of the DVPA, '"abuse" means any of the following: [] (a)
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