The following excerpt is from U.S. v. Gonzalez-Sandoval, 894 F.2d 1043 (9th Cir. 1990):
If it finds that the statement was voluntary, despite having been obtained in technical violation of Miranda, the court then "should suppress the statement given after the Miranda warning only if it finds that the subsequent statement was not voluntarily made." Id. The determination of voluntariness "must turn on an evaluation of the surrounding circumstances and the entire course of police conduct." Medeiros v. Shimoda, 889 F.2d 819, 824 (9th Cir.1989).
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