What is the test for knowing of the unlawful purpose of the perpetrator, and with the intent or purpose of committing, facilitating or encouraging commission of the crime?

California, United States of America

The following excerpt is from People v. Polydore, B257550 (Cal. App. 2016):

knowledge of the unlawful purpose of the perpetrator, and with the intent or purpose of committing, facilitating, or encouraging commission of the crime, by act or advice aids, promotes, encourages or instigates the commission of the crime. (People v. Prettyman (1996) 14 Cal.4th 248, 259.) Because there is rarely direct evidence of specific intent, it must usually be shown from the circumstances of the crime. (People v. Lashley (1991) 1 Cal.App.4th 938, 945-946.)

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