What is the test for instructing a jury on a lesser included charge of assault with a deadly weapon?

California, United States of America


The following excerpt is from People v. Gomez, A151068 (Cal. App. 2018):

Trial courts must give "instructions on lesser included offenses when the evidence raises a question as to whether all of the elements of the charged offense were present [citation], but not when there is no evidence that the offense was less than that charged." (People v. Breverman (1998) 19 Cal.4th 142, 154.) "[T]he existence of 'any evidence, no matter how weak' will not justify instructions on a lesser included offense, but such instructions are required whenever evidence that the defendant is guilty only of the lesser offense is 'substantial enough to merit consideration' by the jury. [Citations.] . . . [] In deciding whether there is substantial evidence of a lesser offense, courts should not evaluate the credibility of witnesses, a task for the jury." (Id. at p. 162.)

"We apply the independent or de novo standard of review to the failure by the trial court to instruct on an assertedly lesser included offense. [Citation.] A trial court must instruct the jury . . . on a lesser included offense only if there is substantial evidence, ' "that is, evidence that a reasonable jury could find persuasive" ' [citation], which, if accepted, ' "would absolve [the] defendant from guilt of the greater offense" [citation] but not the lesser.' " (People v. Cole (2004) 33 Cal.4th 1158, 1218.)

"An assault is an unlawful attempt, coupled with a present ability, to commit a violent injury on the person of another." ( 240.) Simple assault is a lesser included offense of assault with a deadly weapon. (People v. McDaniel (2008) 159 Cal.App.4th

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