What is the test for fair process under the Fourteenth Amendment?

The Fourteenth Amendment guarantees "more than fair process"; it "cover[s] a substantive sphere as well, barring certain government actions regardless of the fairness of the procedures used to implement them." Cnty. of Sacramento v. Lewis , 523 U.S. 833, 840, 118 S.Ct. 1708, 140 L.Ed.2d 1043 (1998) (internal quotation marks and citations omitted). "Substantive due process rights safeguard persons against the government's exercise of power without any reasonable justification in the service of a legitimate governmental objective." Southerland v. City of New York , 680 F.3d 127, 151 (2d Cir. 2012) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted).