The following excerpt is from Irizarry v. U.S., 508 F.2d 960 (2nd Cir. 1975):
2 In Manley v. United States, 432 F.2d 1241, 1244 (2d Cir. 1970) (en banc), this court stated that the defendant's knowledge of the nature of the charge must be established through personal questioning by the trial judge.
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