What is the test for establishing that a party has committed an act of "state action" against a plaintiff?

MultiRegion, United States of America

The following excerpt is from U.S. v. International Broth. of Teamsters, Chauffeurs, Warehousemen and Helpers of America, AFL-CIO, 941 F.2d 1292 (2nd Cir. 1991):

Because the United States Constitution regulates only the Government, not private parties, a litigant claiming that his constitutional rights have been violated must first establish that the challenged conduct constitutes "state action." See, e.g., Blum v. Yaretsky, 457 U.S. 991, 1002,

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