The following excerpt is from United States v. Afriyie, 929 F.3d 63 (2nd Cir. 2019):
2 "To establish plain error, the defendant must establish (1) error (2) that is plain and (3) affects substantial rights." United States v. Villafuerte , 502 F.3d 204, 209 (2d Cir. 2007).
3 We refer to both entities collectively as "MSD."
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