The following excerpt is from Walker v. Donovan State Prison, Case No.: 3:18-cv-02517-AJB-NLS (S.D. Cal. 2019):
simply conclusions, t[o] show that [the Defendant] was personally involved in the deprivation of his civil rights."); Estate of Brooks ex rel. Brooks v. United States, 197 F.3d 1245, 1248 (9th Cir. 1999) ("Causation is, of course, a required element of a 1983 claim.").
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