California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Stewart, B258936 (Cal. App. 2015):
when the defendant dissuades or attempts to dissuade the witness by means of force or threat of violence, acts in furtherance of a conspiracy, acts for pecuniary gain, or has been previously convicted of the same offense. (See generally People v. Torres, supra, at p. 1138.)
2. Purported instructional error
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