California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from Singh v. Superior Court of Contra Costa Cnty., A148451 (Cal. App. 2017):
"We generally review orders for monetary sanctions under the deferential abuse of discretion standard. [Citations.] However, the proper interpretation of a statute or rule of court relied upon by the trial court as its authority to award sanctions is a question of law, which we review de novo." (Vidrio v. Hernandez (2009) 172 Cal.App.4th 1443, 1452, citations omitted.) We may find an abuse of discretion if the trial court's factual findings lacked substantial evidence or the trial court applied the wrong legal standard. (Conservatorship of Becerra (2009) 175 Cal.App.4th 1474, 1481-1482.)
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