What is the test for determining whether a defendant is competent to stand trial?

Section 4241 codifies this principle by committing all competency determinations to the district court. Specifically, the statute requires the district court to determine whether (1) "there is reasonable cause to believe that the defendant" may be incompetent, 18 U.S.C. 4241(a) ; (2) "by a preponderance of the evidence ... the defendant is presently" competent to stand trial, id. 4241(d) ; and (3) by a preponderance of the evidence the defendant has been restored to competency, id. 4241(e). See also Magassouba , 544 F.3d at 406 ("[I]n the event the court determines that the defendant has not so improved, he is referred for possible civil commitment proceedings ...." (emphasis added)); United States v. Donofrio , 896 F.2d 1301, 1303 (11th Cir. 1990) ("The permanency of the condition [of incompetency] would then be determined for later consideration by the court ." (emphasis added)).