California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Garcia, E057279 (Cal. App. 2016):
"'"[T]he power to define crimes and fix penalties is vested exclusively in the legislative branch." [Citation.]' [Citation.]" (People v. Chun, supra, 45 Cal.4th at p. 1183.) "Some statutory or regulatory provision must describe conduct as criminal in order for the courts to treat that conduct as criminal. [Citation.]" (Ibid., fn. omitted.)
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