The following excerpt is from Arizona State Carpenters Pension Trust Fund v. Citibank (Arizona), 125 F.3d 715 (9th Cir. 1997):
We apply a five-factor test to determine whether to award fees and costs. Tingey v. Pixley-Richards West, Inc., 958 F.2d 908, 909 (9th Cir.1992). Those factors are:
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