The following excerpt is from Wade v. Rubalcaba, No. 2: 18-cv-2844 KJM KJN P (E.D. Cal. 2019):
to the deprivation of a constitutional right, within the meaning of 1983, if he does an affirmative act, participates in another's affirmative acts or omits to perform an act which he is legally required to do that causes the deprivation of which complaint is made." Johnson v. Duffy, 588 F.2d 740, 743 (9th Cir. 1978).
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