The following excerpt is from CPR for Skid Row v. City of L.A., 779 F.3d 1098 (9th Cir. 2015):
punishing people for behavior that they could not have known was illegal; (2) to avoid subjective enforcement of the laws based on arbitrary or discriminatory interpretations by government officers; and (3) to avoid any chilling effect on the exercise of First Amendment freedoms. United States v. Wunsch, 84 F.3d 1110, 1119 (9th Cir.1996).
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