The following excerpt is from United States v. Velazquez-Hernandez, Case No.: 19CR03066-KSC (S.D. Cal. 2020):
A statute can be impermissibly vague for either of two independent reasons: (1) "if it fails to provide people of ordinary intelligence a reasonable opportunity to understand what conduct it prohibits" or (2) "if it authorizes or even encourages arbitrary and discriminatory enforcement." Hill v. Colorado, 530 U.S. 703, 732 (2000).
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