What is the test for an aider and abettor in a sexual assault case?

beyond a reasonable doubt." (People v. Johnson (1980) 26 Cal.3d 557, 578.) In so doing, we " 'presume in support of the judgment the existence of every fact the trier could reasonably deduce from the evidence.' " (Id. at p. 576.) If we find substantial evidence, we will affirm the verdict.

"Both aiders and abettors and direct perpetrators are principals in the commission of a crime." (People v. Calhoun (2007) 40 Cal.4th 398, 402.) An aider and abettor must "act with knowledge of the criminal purpose of the perpetrator and with an intent or purpose either of committing, or of encouraging or facilitating commission of, the offense." (People v. Beeman (1984) 35 Cal.3d 547, 560.)