The following excerpt is from Mosier v. Stonefield Josephson, Inc., 815 F.3d 1161 (9th Cir. 2016):
must show that the aider and abettor provided assistance that was a substantial factor in causing the harm suffered." (emphasis added)) cited with approval in American Master Lease LLC v. Idanta Partners, Ltd., 225 Cal.App.4th 1451, 1476, 171 Cal.Rptr.3d 548 (2014).
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