What is the test for a positive decision in a civil action brought by a plaintiff against a defendant in a personal injury case?

Under 28 U.S.C. 636(c)(1), all parties named in a civil action must consent to a magistrate judge's jurisdiction before that jurisdiction vests for "dispositive decisions." Williams v. King, 875 F.3d 500, 504 (9th Cir. 2017). No defendant has appeared or consented to a magistrate judge's jurisdiction in this case, so any dismissal of a claim requires an order from a district judge. Id. Thus, the undersigned submits the following findings and recommendations under 28 U.S.C. 636(b)(1):