The following excerpt is from U.S. v. Cardenas-Flores, 974 F.2d 1343 (9th Cir. 1992):
We review the district court's construction of Rule 16 de novo. United States v. Mandel, 914 F.2d 1215, 1219 (9th Cir.1990). The district court's choice of sanction for a Rule 16 violation is reviewed for abuse of discretion. United States v. Schwartz, 857 F.2d 655, 657-58 (9th Cir.1988).
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