What is the test for a charge of obstructing the discharge or discharge of a peace officer?

Section 148, subdivision (a)(1) provides: "Every person who willfully resists, delays, or obstructs any . . . peace officer . . . in the discharge or attempt to discharge any duty of his or her office" is guilty of a criminal offense. Defendant contends there was insufficient evidence to support his conviction on this charge, specifically because there was no evidence he willfully delayed the officers. He relies on People v. Quiroga (1993) 16 Cal.App.4th 961, for support. In that case, the defendant was inside an apartment when an officer entered without a warrant. The defendant demanded that the officer leave, and argued before complying with the officer's directives to sit down on a couch and remove his hands from his pockets. Once seated, the defendant again argued with

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