The following excerpt is from Castelli v. Douglas Aircraft Co., 752 F.2d 1480 (9th Cir. 1985):
1 Judicial review of this decisionmaking process, like judicial review of a union's other functions, remains circumscribed by the principles enunciated in Vaca v. Sipes, 386 U.S. 171, 191-92, 87 S.Ct. 903, 917, 17 L.Ed.2d 842 (1967), and its progeny. The integrity and financial soundness of both the collective bargaining process and the union's representative status depend on limited judicial second-guessing of union tactics regarding grievances and arbitration.
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