California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Tuggle, B282497 (Cal. App. 2019):
witness is afraid to testify or fears retaliation for testifying is relevant to the credibility of that witness . . . [as is an] explanation of the basis for the witness's fear . . . .' [Citations.]" (People v. Merriman (2014) 60 Cal.4th 1, 86.) In particular, giving testimony despite the risk of retribution by gang members properly tends to bolster a witness's credibility. (See People v. Olguin (1994) 31 Cal.App.4th 1355, 1368.)
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