What is the effect of a district court's order denying a motion to quash grand jury subpoenas and granting the government a direct compliance with the subpoenas?

Doe appeals from the district court's order denying his motion to quash grand jury subpoenas and granting the government's motion to direct compliance with the subpoenas. The district court had jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. 1331, and we have jurisdiction to review the order. See In re Grand Jury Proceedings, 867 F.2d 539, 540 (9th Cir.1989); In re Grand Jury Subpoena Dated June 5, 1985, 825 F.2d 231, 236-37 (9th Cir.1987). We review the district court's denial of the motion to quash grand jury subpoenas for abuse of discretion. In re Grand Jury Subpoenas, 803 F.2d 493, 496 (9th Cir.1986), modified, 817 F.2d 64 (9th Cir.1987). We review the district court's determinations as to the scope of privilege de novo, and its underlying factual determinations for clear error. See United States v. Laurins, 857 F.2d 529, 541 (9th Cir.1988), cert. denied, 492 U.S. 906 (1989). We affirm.