California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from Clerici v. Department of Motor Vehicles, 224 Cal.App.3d 1016, 274 Cal.Rptr. 230 (Cal. App. 1990):
"The term 'vested' denotes a right that is either 'already possessed' [citation] or 'legitimately acquired' [citation]. Business or professional licensing cases have distinguished between the denial of an application for a license (nonvested right) and the suspension or revocation of an existing license (vested right). [Citation]. Once an agency has exercised its expertise and issued a license, the agency's subsequent revocation of that license generally calls for an independent review of the facts, because revocation or suspension affects a vested right. [Citations.]" (Berlinghieri v. Department of Motor Vehicles (1983) 33 Cal.3d 392, 396, 188 Cal.Rptr. 891, 657 P.2d 383.)
In contrast, the denial of a license to a previously unlicensed person does not affect a vested right, and the substantial evidence test should be used. (Merrill v. Department of Motor Vehicles (1969) 71 Cal.2d 907, 915, 80 Cal.Rptr. 89, 458 P.2d 33.)
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