The following excerpt is from Raspardo v. Carlone, 770 F.3d 97 (2nd Cir. 2014):
Reynolds v. Barrett, 685 F.3d 193, 20406 (2d Cir.2012) (holding that, because liability under 1983 requires personal involvement by a defendant, the pattern-or-practice framework, which demonstrates that a pattern of discrimination exists in the aggregate at a corporate entity, is ill-suited to the task of identifying which individual defendants engaged in purposeful discrimination and cannot be imported into the 1983 context).22
2. Supervisory Liability
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