What is the current state of the law on actual knowledge and constructive knowledge?

Under the three-year limitations period in subsection (2), actual knowledge is strictly construed and constructive knowledge will not suffice. See Caputo v. Pfizer, Inc., 267 F.3d 181, 19394 (2d Cir.2001). While a plaintiff need not have knowledge of the relevant law, he must have knowledge of all facts necessary to constitute a claim. Id. at 193 (internal citation omitted).

We review the question of the application of the relevant statute of limitations ... de novo. Novella v. Westchester Cnty., 661 F.3d 128, 143 (2d Cir.2011).