The following excerpt is from Guardians Ass'n of New York City Police Dept., Inc. v. Civil Service Com'n of City of New York, 633 F.2d 232 (2nd Cir. 1980):
Under the familiar Title VII formula, since plaintiffs established a prima facie case of discrimination, 15 the burden shifted to defendants to demonstrate that the challenged examinations were job-related. Dothard v. Rawlinson, 433 U.S. 321, 329, 97 S.Ct. 2720, 2726, 53 L.Ed.2d 786 (1977).
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