California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. A.G. (In re A.G.), G044949 (Cal. App. 2012):
The prosecution has the burden of establishing a defendant's incriminating statements were voluntary. (People v. Maestas (1987) 194 Cal.App.3d 1499, 1504.) "On appeal, a reviewing court looks at the evidence independently to determine whether a defendant's confession [or statement] was voluntary, but will uphold the trial court's findings of the circumstances surrounding the confession [or statement] if supported by substantial evidence. [Citations.]" (People v. Lewis (2001) 26 Cal.4th 334, 383.)
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