California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Rosas, F075300 (Cal. App. 2020):
6. Substantial evidence supports a conviction of section 136.1, subdivision (b)(1), when the jury could reasonably infer a defendant knew the victim was attempting to contact the police for assistance. (People v. McElroy (2005) 126 Cal.App.4th 874, 881-882 [finding substantial evidence when defendant prevented victim from calling police].)
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