What is considered an involuntary confession when the suspect waives his Miranda right?
California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Cardenas, C069229 (Cal. App. 2018):
Even when a suspect waives his Miranda rights, a confession may be deemed to be involuntary when the police, using physical or psychological coercion, undermine a suspect's ability to exercise free will. (Colorado v. Connelly (1986) 479 U.S. 157, 165-167 [93 L.Ed.2d 473].) Factors such as the suspect's age and IQ are relevant. (Ibid.)
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