California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from The People v. Davis, A123160, No. VCR178077, No. VCR197472) (Cal. App. 2010):
" 'A trial judge may examine witnesses to elicit or clarify testimony. [Citations.] Indeed, "it is the right and duty of a judge to conduct a trial in such a manner that the truth will be established in accordance with the rules of evidence." [Citation.] The trial judge, however, must not become an advocate for either party or under the guide [sic] of examining witnesses comment on the evidence or cast aspersions or ridicule on a witness.' [Citation.]" (People v. Cummings (1993) 4 Cal.4th 1233, 1305, habeas corpus granted on other grounds in In re Gay (1998) 19 Cal.4th 771; see also Evid. Code, 775.) In addition, the trial court commits judicial misconduct when it inaccurately states or distorts any testimony. (People v. Proctor (1992) 4 Cal.4th 499, 542.)
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