The following excerpt is from U.S. v. Jackson, 845 F.2d 880 (9th Cir. 1988):
Moreover, the instructions actually given by the district court adequately covered the issues, and this court need not decide whether the proposed instructions may have been preferable. United States v. Miller, 688 F.2d 652, 662 (9th Cir.1982). The court instructed the jury on the two elements of section 287: that the defendant submit a false claim and that he do so willingly and knowingly. The court defined the term "claim" as "a demand for money or transfer of public property or an attempt to cause the government to pay out sums of money." The court also told the jury: "You have to find him guilty of what's said in the indictment ... in a sense the indictment charges that the claims
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