What are the elements required to establish that a shooting was gang-related?

California, United States of America

The following excerpt is from People v. Chavez, F066359 (Cal. App. 2014):

There are two elements required to establish the gang enhancement. (People v. Villalobos (2006) 145 Cal.App.4th 310, 322.) The prosecution must prove the felony was committed for the benefit of, at the direction of, or in association with any criminal street gang. ( 186.22, subd. (b)(1).) Defendant has not challenged the sufficiency of the evidence to support this element, and concedes Officer Littlefield's expert testimony raised the inference that the shooting was gang-related.

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